Abstract

Failure behaviour of a carbon-epoxy composite is studied both in crack arrester (CA) and crack divider(CD) mode by conducting 3-point bend test of un-notched (UN) and single edge pre-crack notched (N) (notch depth varied from 0.5 to 3.3 mm) specimens at various cross head speeds(CHS) such as 0.2, 50, 100, 200 and 500 mm/min. Influence of notch depth (ND) and CHS on the conditional fracture toughness(CFT) is understood using ANOVA. In both the mode, while the CFT values varies linearly with CHS, ...

Abstract

Electron cloud densitometry of carbon allotropes is presented in this study. Carbon consists of two inner and four valence electrons. The valence electrons in carbon are hybridized or active. Each active valence electron builds a negatively charged shape due to their delocalization. It is proved that the active valence electron creates the van der Waals force, which bonds layers of crystalline graphite together. An easy quantum mechanical explanation of the electron cloud densitometry is given i...

Abstract

With the hydrothermal method, the p-type silicon <100> wafer was used as the substrate to synthesize ZnO nanorods in different synthesis times. To prepare the ZnO seed layer on the p-type silicon <100> wafer, a prepared ZnO gel was deposited as the seed layer using the spin coating method. A 0.2 M solution of zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2-2H2O) and hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4) were used as the source materials at a synthesis temperature of 90 °C. The synthesis time was changed from 10...

Abstract

Ionic liquids have been used either as polymerization medium or as electrolytes for polyaniline (PANI) electrodes to produce long cycle-stable supercapacitors with high capacitance. As a polymerization medium, ionic liquids play the role of a soft template agent and induce the formation of nanostructured PANI morphology. Nanorod, nanowire, or spherical PANI morphology has been obtained in ionic liquids instead of agglomerated particles resulted in the conventional media. The well-defined one-dim...

Abstract

This study mainly is carried out to discuss the effect of nitrogen annealing temperature on perovskite solar cells. The annealing temperature affects perovskite solar cells during the annealing process. It also affects the formation of perovskite crystals. Perovskite crystals need to form in a nitrogen box for manufacturing Perovskite solar cells. Spin-coating MAPbI3 on the substrate is annealed with a nitrogen furnace tube to form perovskite crystals. The remaining PbI2 after the annealing is c...